Regulation of foreign trade in Ukraine
Foreign economic activity (FEA) works by clear rules: who may conduct it, by what principles and which bodies control it. Let us break down the basics of regulation so a company understands its rights and obligations before the first deal.
The Law on FEA: what it regulates
The main document is the Law of Ukraine “On Foreign Economic Activity” No. 959-XII of 16.04.1991 (with current amendments). It defines the legal and organizational basis of FEA — trade, economic and scientific-technical cooperation, services. The customs part is regulated by the Customs Code.
Subjects of FEA
FEA can be conducted by companies, sole proprietors and foreign business entities registered in the established manner. A separate “FEA permit” is not required: the right to foreign trade arises from the moment of the company’s state registration.
Principles of FEA
The law enshrines the principles of the people’s sovereignty, freedom of foreign economic entrepreneurship, legal equality of subjects, the rule of law and protection of the interests of FEA subjects. This means the company itself chooses partners and markets within the law.
Types of FEA
| Type | Examples |
|---|---|
| Foreign trade | Export and import of goods |
| Services | Transport, logistics, consulting |
| Cooperation | Scientific-technical, production |
| Investment | Capital and joint ventures |
State regulation: bodies
FEA is regulated by several bodies: the Ministry of Economy (trade policy, licenses), the State Customs Service (customs clearance and control), the National Bank (currency regulation). Each is responsible for its part of the process.
Tariff and non-tariff regulation
The state affects FEA in two ways: through duties and taxes (tariff) and through licenses, quotas, certification and permits (non-tariff). Administrative restrictions are covered in more detail in non-tariff regulation.
Currency regulation of FEA
Settlements under FEA are controlled by the National Bank: there are deadline limits for settlements on export and import, bank currency supervision and document requirements. Violation of the deadlines leads to penalties, so the deadlines are taken into account already in the contract.
Special sanctions for violations
For violation of FEA legislation the Ministry of Economy may apply special sanctions (art. 37 of the Law): a fine, temporary suspension of FEA or an individual licensing regime. These are serious consequences that are better avoided.
Is accreditation needed for FEA
A separate “FEA accreditation” is not needed, but for the first customs clearance the company is put on record at customs. This is a technical procedure that we go through together with the client. Organizational questions are handled at foreign trade consulting.
Frequently asked questions
Help with FEA
Trans-Hope helps companies enter foreign markets: we put them on record at customs, prepare documents and handle clearance. Clearance is handled by the customs broker. Send your task — we will suggest where to start.
